Flooding is one of the most pervasive and destructive natural hazards, with its frequency and intensity expected to worsen under climate change. While advances in geospatial analytics, Internet of Things infrastructures, and artificial intelligence have enhanced urban data ecosystems, existing smart city platforms remain limited in their capacity to provide automated, real-time flood intelligence. Most platforms focus on delin...

The Kuroshio–Oyashio Transition Zone (KOTZ) serves as a vital dynamic interface between the warm Kuroshio Extension and the cold Oyashio Current. However, severe sea conditions with strong ocean currents, winds and waves pose challenges for sustained in situ observations of both oceanic and atmospheric variables. This paper introduces the China Kuroshio Extension Observatory (CKEO), a moored observatory program designed for lo...