Farming of Arctic charr mainly takes place in land‐based farms applying intensive rearing methods with relatively high production costs. Depending on local conditions at each site, it is possible to regulate important environmental factors to improve productivity and well‐being of the fish. Knowledge about how these different environmental factors affect various farming traits is important to reduce production costs. This revi...

An isogenic line is a group of animals with an identical genotype, and its use is widely accepted for bioresearch standardization. Isogenic lines in fish can be generated within two generations via uniparental inheritance and can facilitate studies for which standardization and consistency are required. The availability and use of isogenic lines is limited, but isogenic lines in some fish species have been generated. Their pow...

Aquaculture sustainability and profit is highly dependent on good welfare for farmed fish including the economically important species Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). Welfare is closely linked to stress, as prolonged stressful farming conditions can translate into reduced performance and health. Understanding how Atlantic salmon responds to aquaculture‐related stressors has for the past years been a key focus area of research...

Intensive fish culture is a practice in aquaculture systems; however, it can produce negative environmental impacts due to the accumulation of organic nitrogen from feeding procedures, but also from fish wasting products. Recirculating aquaculture systems have emerged as one strategy to reduce these impacts, maintaining a healthy environment for fish. These reduce toxicity level through nitrifying biofilters, which use a micro...

Brazil is a megadiverse country and is participant of fundamental environmental agreements for biodiversity conservation. However, the internal politics and the cultures that affect negatively the ecological integrity in Brazilian freshwater need to be improved on the condition of sustainable management. Scientific community, the government and stakeholders are in constant conflicts of goals. Meanwhile, the current model for B...

Aquaculture is the fastest growing food sector globally and protein provisioning from aquaculture now exceeds that from wild capture fisheries. There is clear potential for the further expansion of marine aquaculture (mariculture), but there are associated risks. Some naturally occurring algae can proliferate under certain environmental conditions, causing deoxygenation of seawater, or releasing toxic compounds (phycotoxins),...

Aquaculture production must keep increasing if seafood demand is to be met. This increase in production has substantial impacts on the three pillars of sustainability (i.e. economy, society and environment). To fairly assess the effects that industry has, several tools have been used, mainly theoretical bioeconomic analysis. Even though theoretical models are essential for the assessment of sustainability, the application of e...

Aquatic organisms have various pigments contained in their body and may be an important characteristic for the consumer choice. Carotenoids are the main group of pigments present in aquatic organisms and play an important role not only in colouring but also in the growth, reproduction and maintenance of these animals. As aquatic animals do not have the ability to synthesize carotenoids, they must be ingested in the food, and i...

In recent years, financial losses due to salinity changes threat bivalve industry. In natural habitat, marine bivalves should be adapted to a series of environmental stressors, including biotic (virus, bacteria and protozoan) and abiotic (salinity, temperature and heavy metal) factors. It is known that salinity fluctuations able to change distribution and vital parameters of bivalves. Suboptimal salinity conditions resulted in...

Growth is a polygenic and environmentally controlled trait with the most influential genes being those of growth hormone ( GH ) and insulin‐like growth factor‐I ( IGF‐I ), as they consist the core of the hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic (HPS) axis. As a result, the influence of environmental and dietary conditions on GH and IGF‐I gene expression has a great potential in planning to optimize fish health and production, as gr...

Carrying capacity has become a fundamental concept within the context of environmental management. Carrying capacity for aquaculture has been studied since the 1960s and has attracted a dedicated literature focused on measuring the environmental and production limits of aquaculture developments. Nevertheless, management and policy face emerging challenges across environmental and social aspects and the growing need to manage m...

Poultry by‐product meal ( PBM ) is a popular animal‐based protein source tested in aquaculture feed formulations for replacing fishmeal ( FM ), mainly due to its high protein content, relatively cheap price and broad availability. However, due to the well‐documented variability in success of PBM inclusions, a meta‐analysis approach was utilized to summarize the efficacy and success of PBM inclusion in aquaculture diet formulat...

Metadata from 70 research articles on Cyprinus carpio digestibility published between 1973 and 2017, covering 71 feed ingredients, were analysed. Interquartile range (IR) of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in feedstuffs was 5–8% and 0.7–1.2% of dry matter, respectively, with digestible N:P 7.2:1–44.1:1. IR of N digestibility (79–99%) was high, whereas IR of P digestibility (27–47%) was rather poor. Dietary energy diges...

Fish biomass estimation is one of the most common and important practices in aquaculture. The regular acquisition of fish biomass information has been identified as an urgent need for managers to optimize daily feeding, control stocking densities and ultimately determine the optimal time for harvesting. However, it is difficult to estimate fish biomass without human intervention because fishes are sensitive and move freely in...

The fisheries sector, particularly aquaculture, is a fundamental source of nutrition for humans, particularly in developing countries. The modern development of fish farming requires energy for production systems. This study investigates the potential of using organic wastes derived from fish fattening to produce on‐farm energy through the process of methanization. Oreochromis niloticus faeces methanogen potential was determin...

There are hundreds of fish reared in aquaculture, but nutrient requirements of the different species are still scarcely studied. Dietary protein is usually one of the first nutrients to be evaluated when considering the nutritional requirements of a novel species for aquaculture. Data on dietary protein requirement are already available for a large number of species, and this study aims to review the available data, enhancing...

Pigments are bioactive compounds produced by microalgae which have a very important role in the health and performance of aquaculture species, particularly in the early larval stages of marine fish and crustaceans. We review the production of specific pigments by microalgal species emphasizing on the specific culture and stress conditions to promote the accumulation of large amounts of pigments in microalgae such as Haematococ...

Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus)) is a stenothermic cold‐water fish, which has been cultured in Northern Europe and North America since the 1980s. The industry has remained relatively small with an annual production between 6000 and 10 000 tonnes, and is still challenged by an unreliable offspring production. This review focuses on offspring production in Arctic charr aquaculture including holding conditions for br...

Growth is an important metric in fisheries and aquaculture. Growth of small fish over relatively short periods of time is commonly modelled with an exponential function using instantaneous growth rate ( g ). Instantaneous growth rates are logarithmic and inherently difficult to interpret, but specific growth rates ( SGR ) express growth as the intuitively understandable per cent change in size per unit of time. A simple metric...

Acanthocephalans are endoparasites of several vertebrate species. These parasites are able to attach the host intestine, which culminates in low nutrient utilization and severe economic losses. This review discusses the impact of acanthocephalosis for aquaculture and demonstrates promising control and treatment measures against this parasitosis. Echinorhynchus truttae was considered one of the main parasites affecting salmonid...

Continued growth of the aquaculture sector will rely on the availability of fish with traits that respond to the needs and preferences of these users along the value chain. Such trait responsiveness requires that fish breeding programmes have reliable knowledge of these users’ trait preferences. The present study found from a non‐systematic literature review, that no fish breeding programme had reported user preference in thei...

Echinoderms play important ecological roles in the benthic community, but the processes that regulate their distribution are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe the community structure in the shallow rocky reefs of the Wellington region of central New Zealand. Five sites from a harbour and an open coast were surveyed for adult echinoderm density and habitat composition. Additionally, artificial colle...

The genus Xenostrobus consists of small, marine and estuarine mussels that all appear similar externally. One of its estuarine species, Xenostrobus securis, with a native range in New Zealand and Australia, has become invasive in the Northern Hemisphere. No genetic data are available to determine if X. securis populations from the two countries are conspecific. Additionally, marine Xenostrobus from New Zealand have often been...

Determining the genetic structure and population dynamics of harvested species are key aspects of effective fisheries management. New Zealand scampi ( Metanephrops challengeri ) is a species of nethropid lobster that supports a commercial fishery on the continental shelf and slope around New Zealand. To determine the genetic structure and historical population demography of New Zealand scampi, we sequenced a 623 base‐pair frag...

Recruiting King George whiting Sillaginodes punctatus were studied to assess the potential for food competition with permanent resident fish species in a nursery habitat. Marine migrant post larval S. punctatus ( 0.6) diet overlap with permanent resident fish species Favonigobius leteralis and Stigmatopora nigra . Food electivity index indicated that S. punctatus juveniles preferred harpacticoid copepods and amphipods, while j...