Background Organophosphate (OP) compounds are widely used agricultural chemicals that pose significant public health and chemical threat concerns due to their neurotoxic effects. Although OP toxicity has classically been attributed to acetylcholinesterase inhibition and cholinergic crisis, emerging evidence suggests mitochondrial dysfunction may represent an additional and clinically relevant mechanism of injury. Experimental...

Dental caries (DC) is the most prevalent chronic disease. Previous studies have revealed negative associations between DC prevalence and both drinking water fluoride concentration (F) and socioeconomic status but further predictors, notably drinking water calcium, have been little explored, particularly in the UK. Therefore, this study employed multiple linear regression (MLR) to model the dependency of children’s DC on all th...

Introduction Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are therapies for type 2 diabetes whose use expanded sharply after semaglutide’s 2021 approval for obesity. Although gastrointestinal effects are well described, national patterns of acute GLP-1 RA exposures are poorly characterized. This study evaluated trends in GLP-1 RA exposures reported to U.S. poison centers, focusing on demographic shifts, exposure circu...

Gut dysfunction commonly precedes motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the mechanistic sequence of gut versus brain pathology remains unclear. This work aimed to define the timing of intestinal barrier dysfunction relative to central nervous system (CNS) changes in the A53T α-synuclein transgenic mouse model of PD. Functional and molecular assessments of the gastrointestinal tract (ileum and colon) were conducted at...