Aim We investigate the distribution of dispersal modes — endozoochory (via animal ingestion), synzoochory (via animal seed accumulation) and anemochory (via wind)—and seed mass of woody plants across Brazilian ecosystems, testing whether their relative abundance in local plant communities could be predicted by climate, edaphic factors and dispersal agents (e.g., the main vectors moving seeds). We expected climate to be the mai...

The fish fauna of the basin of the Amazon River is one of most diverse of any region on Earth and hosts a parasite fauna that is poorly studied. One group of fish parasites is the Myxosporea, a class of the phylum Cnidaria, which are obligate endoparasites. The present study investigated myxozoans found in specimens of the Neotropical catfish Ageneiosus inermis collected in Marajó Bay, off Humaitá Beach. A total of 25 A. inerm...

Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is the most prevalent form of leishmaniasis, with infection control primarily dependent on cell-mediated immunity. Lesion healing results from a complex interplay among immune cells and soluble mediators. Using Luminex technology, we evaluated circulating and lesion microenvironment immune mediators, including chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors, in patients with LCL and nonspecifi...