Background Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a major global health challenge with no ideal treatment options available. Early-stage treatment typically focuses on symptomatic relief of pain and stiffness; while late-stage patients can only opt for surgical interventions such as joint replacement to improve quality of life. Cell-free therapy based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has offered a novel therapeutic approach for regulat...

Within the 21st century, in the Maritime Silk Road, wave energy, a clean renewable source, is drawing more interest, especially in areas with power shortages. This paper investigates wave energy in ships, particularly in a hybrid electric bulk carrier, by designing a system that supplements the existing power setup with oscillating buoy wave energy converters. The system includes diesel generators (DGs), a wave energy generati...

Quantitatively assessing the porewater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) cycling in methane-enriched marine sediments is crucial to understanding the contributions of different carbon sources to the global marine carbon pool. In this study, Makran accretionary wedge was divided into Zone 1 (high methane flux area) and Zone 2 (background area). Porewater geochemical compositions (Cl – , SO 4 2– , NH 4 + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ ,...