Drought-resilient native tree species are becoming increasingly vulnerable to the intensifying impacts of climate change. In this study, we conducted the first tree-ring stable carbon isotope and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) study of annually separated tree rings of Persian oak ( Quercus brantii Lindl.) covering the period 1953–2022. The study sites are located at three different elevations in the Zagros Mountains. δ...

Introduction Microbial communities are key indicators of ecosystem health in aquaculture, yet their temporal dynamics under different cultivation systems remain poorly characterized. This study compares prokaryotic community succession across three commercial Litopenaeus vannamei cultivation systems with contrasting pond construction, salinity, and water-exchange intensity. Methods We collected 85 water samples from five sub-p...